KAJIAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN PEMBIAYAAN PERUMAHAN MURAH (STUDI KASUS MODEL PERUMAHAN BERBASIS PENGEMBANG DAN KOMUNITAS)

Abstract

Menurut data Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Tahun 2020, angka backlog kepemilikan (kesenjangan antara rumah terbangun dengan jumlah rumah yang dibutuhkan) mencapai 12,75 juta unit. Salah satu faktor tingginya angka backlog diantaranya adalah adanya segmen Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR) non fixed income yang tidak sanggup membeli rumah umum tapak meskipun melalui program Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) bersubsidi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model konstruksi dan material dinding rumah yang efektif dan efisien untuk meminimalkan biaya pembangunan; serta model pembangunan dan pembiayaan perumahan murah. Metode penelitian digunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif berupa perhitungan efektifitas dan efisiensi menggunakan perhitungan biaya dan kurva S, serta estimasi harga jual nyata metode cost based pricing dengan pendekatan cost plus untuk mendapatkan harga jual nyata paling ekonomis. Sementara analisis kualitatif berupa focus group discussion, wawancara mendalam, observasi, telaah dokumen, telaah kebijakan pemerintah dan kebijakan lembaga keuangan lainnya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, 1) model konstruksi RUSPIN material dinding bata ringan lebih efektif yakni 14 hari lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan konstruksi konvensional dinding bata merah. Namun konstruksi dimaksud lebih mahal Rp 7.783.142,05 atau 7,05% dari biaya konstruksi konvensional dinding bata merah. 2) Model pembangunan perumahan murah adalah model perumahan berbasis komunitas dengan konstruksi rumah konvensional dan material dinding bata merah. 3) Skema pembangunan dan pembiayaan rumah secara gradual dengan tiga tahapan konsep rumah inti tumbuh menghasilkan skema pembiayaan rumah murah, yaitu lebih murah sebesar 37.501.616,25 atau 11,19% dari akumulatif angsuran yang dibayarkan melalui KPR secara sekaligus.

STUDY OF CHEAP HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCE (CASE STUDY OF DEVELOPER AND COMMUNITY-BASED

According to data from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing for 2020, the backlog of ownership (the gap between the houses built and the number of houses needed) reached 12.75 million units. One of the factors behind the high backlog number is the non-fixed income segment of the Low-Income Community (MBR) who are unable to buy landed public houses, even through the subsidized housing loan (KPR) program. This study aims to obtain an effective and efficient model of construction and wall materials to minimize construction costs; as well as low-cost housing development and financing models. The research method used quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis in the form of calculating effectiveness and efficiency using cost calculations and the S curve, as well as estimating the real selling price using the cost based pricing method using the cost plus approach to get the most economical real selling price. While qualitative analysis took the form of focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, observations, document reviews, reviews of government policies and policies of other financial institutions. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded, 1) the RUSPIN construction model with lightweight brick wall material is more effective, which is 14 days faster than conventional red brick wall construction. However, the said construction is Rp. 7,783,142.05 or 7.05% more expensive than the cost of conventional red brick wall construction. 2) The low-cost housing development model is a community-based housing model with conventional house construction and red brick wall materials. 3) The gradual housing development and financing scheme with three stages of the growing core house concept results in a low-cost housing financing scheme, which is 37,501,616.25 or 11.19% cheaper than the accumulated installments paid through KPR all at once.