Representation of Masculinity and Femininity Values on “Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku” by Garin Nugroho 2019

Masculinity and femininity are often associated with stereotypes created by society and culture at large. However, the values associated with these traits can be viewed with an open and conceptual mind. This study aims to determine the classification of masculinity and femininity and analyze the representation of values displayed in Juno's character according to Bem's perspective. This qualitative study utilized the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) theory for data collection and the semiotics theory of Charles Sanders Pierce for data analysis, as well as the supporting theory of Sachiko Murata. The data collection technique involved the analysis of text, audio, and visuals. The results of the study reveal that Juno's character has 15 masculine and 17 feminine personalities out of 20 personalities, according to Bem's theory. Based on the classification of masculinity and femininity, traditionally, Juno is considered a feminine man, and the representation of Juno's masculinity and femininity values has a negative self-adjustment. However, non-traditionally, Juno is considered both a masculine and feminine man, resulting in a representation of Juno's masculinity and femininity values with both positive and negative adjustments

diverse reactions both domestically and internationally. Within the country, "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" was perceived to address LGBT issues, despite its rich exploration of social life, cultural contexts, socio-political aspects, and inherent values.
From a social and cultural perspective, "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" shed light on the intertwining of femininity and masculinity within an individual, rooted deeply in Indonesian traditions. This is evident in the Lengger art form that emerged and has been preserved since 1755. Moreover, considering the predominant Muslim population in the archipelago, religious influences are also at play.
Sachiko Murata posits that in the human realm, masculinity and femininity encompass both positive and negative aspects. According to Murata, striking a balance between these aspects is crucial to avoid potential harm. The concepts of masculinity, femininity, and the interplay of positive and negative traits are also present in the Quran, as highlighted by Murata (Ulvah, 2020: 312).
Hence, the researcher aims to evaluate both aspects of Juno's character, specifically masculinity and femininity. The objective is to investigate the societal reception of the values associated with masculinity and femininity, considering their respective advantages and disadvantages. Thus, in assessing masculinity and femininity the researcher uses additional theory as an indicator for determining masculinity and femininity. The researcher acknowledges that the portrayal of masculinity and femininity carries inherent value from the opposing side. The research discussion covers socio-cultural and conceptual aspects that are prevalent in Indonesian society as a whole.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with the intention of interpreting the phenomena that occur. It involved various existing methods and remained flexible to accommodate changes if additional facts were discovered (Moleong, 2017: 5). In this study, the semiotics of Charles Sanders Pierce was employed as an approach to interpret the representation of masculinity and femininity in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku." The primary data for this research were obtained from the film " Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku," directed by Garin Nugroho, with a duration of 1 hour 45 minutes 55 seconds Role Inventory) indicator as a determinant of masculinity and femininity data.
The data collection techniques employed in this study were as follows: 1. The researcher watched and observed the entire film " Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" multiple times.
2. The researcher categorized the signs based on the focus of the study, namely masculinity and femininity. Following Bem's indicators of masculinity and femininity, repeated screenings of the film were necessary.
3. The researcher documented and comprehended conversations and dialogue texts relevant to masculinity and femininity.
4. The researcher analysed these signs using Pierce's semiotic process, which involves three stages: representation (sign), object, and interpretation.
5. The researcher arrived at final conclusions by interpreting the representation (sign), object, and interpretation based on the theory employed.
The data analysis techniques used in this study included data reduction, data presentation, data analysis, and conclusion (Fitria, 2017: 46). In the process of data analysis, alongside employing representation theory and semiotic approaches as the primary theories, the researcher incorporated the viewpoints of Bem and Sachiko Murata to analyze the data on masculinity and femininity.

DISCUSSION
The analysis of the results presents data findings based on the theory used. Using Bem's 20 characteristic scale for researching masculinity in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku," the researcher employed the semiotic method and identified 15 masculine characteristics displayed in the film. The analysis revealed that these characteristics include the ability to fulfill one's own needs, individualism, strong personality, masculinity, independence, willingness to take a stand, readiness to take risks, self-reliance, analytical thinking, ambition, decision-making ease, assertiveness, athleticism, aggressiveness, and competitiveness. On the other hand, from Bem's perspective on feminine characteristics, the researcher found 17 feminine traits exhibited in the film. These characteristics encompass Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Muniati, Putri Intan Nalumsari Elementary School in Jepara loyalty, obedience, cheerfulness, innocence, understanding, soft-spokenness, sympathy, compassion, shyness, desire to soothe hurt feelings, gentleness, emotional depth, warmth, femininity, love for children, sensitivity to others' needs, and meekness.
According to Bem's perspective, masculinity and femininity can be understood through two gender role orientation models: the traditional and non-traditional models. The traditional model categorizes masculinity and femininity as separate entities, with individuals classified as having either high masculinity and low femininity, or high femininity and low masculinity. Based on the data analysis and the theory employed, it was found that in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku," there were more signs of femininity in the character of Juno compared to signs of masculinity. Therefore, from Bem's viewpoint and the traditional model, Juno's character can be regarded as having higher femininity and lower masculinity, often referred to as a feminine man due to the deviation from conventional masculine representation.
The non-traditional model recognizes that masculinity and femininity are distinct concepts that can lead to new categorizations. Bem identifies four categories: feminine, masculine, androgynous, and neutral. Based on the data analysis and the theory employed, it was found that in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku," Juno is portrayed as someone who possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics. The researcher identified numerous signs indicating that Juno embodies both masculinity and femininity. These signs encompass 15 out of 20 indicators of masculinity and 17 out of 20 indicators of femininity, according to Bem's perspective. Moreover, the film emphasizes Juno's strong personality right from the beginning, portraying Juno as a figure who possesses a serene and calm demeanor (feminine) while also exhibiting strength akin to a mountain (masculine).

Tubuh Indahku"
The film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" portrays the journey of masculinity and femininity within an individual. Masculinity and femininity are societal constructs and gender stereotypes attributed to men and women. Traditionally, these values are associated with specific gender roles and expectations. Masculinity is considered positive when it aligns with ideal masculine characteristics, while femininity is viewed positively Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Muniati, Putri Intan Nalumsari Elementary School in Jepara when it adheres to ideal feminine traits. Society and culture perceive men as good if they embody masculine qualities, while women are expected to display feminine attributes.
In this research, data on masculine stereotypes were examined by exploring the alignment between gender roles and societal expectations. The findings revealed that the film reflects a greater conformity to general masculine culture. Masculinity is deemed positive when it encompasses the ability to fulfill one's own needs, individualism, a strong personality, masculinity itself, the willingness to take a stand, the readiness to take risks, self-dependence, the ease of decision-making, assertiveness, athleticism, and aggression.
However, the researcher also identified some signs that deviate from the traditional masculine culture, such as independence, analytical thinking, ambition, and competitiveness. These deviations arise from Juno's work, which is typically associated with occupations performed by women Meanwhile, in terms of feminine stereotype signs, the researcher found that all of Juno's feminine characteristics align with societal expectations and are consistent with the perspective of feminine culture in general. Thus, it can be concluded that Juno's femininity is considered positive. On the other hand, Juno's masculinity is perceived as negative because both the classification of signs and data analysis indicate a lower level of masculinity compared to femininity.
From a non-traditional perspective, this research examines the values of masculinity and femininity separately and from a conceptual standpoint. Non-traditional perspectives embrace a more inclusive understanding of masculinity and femininity, emphasizing gender equality and the potential for creating new gender roles.
Conceptually and independently, the researcher found that Juno possesses both positive and negative aspects of masculinity and femininity.
Juno's positive masculinity is manifested through visible masculine traits, including the ability to meet one's own needs, a strong personality, masculinity itself, independence, a willingness to take risks, self-dependence, analytical thinking, ambition, ease of decision-making, assertiveness, and athleticism. On the other hand, Juno's negative masculinity is reflected in characteristics such as individualism, a willingness to Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Muniati, Putri Intan Nalumsari Elementary School in Jepara take a stand, aggression, and competitiveness. Regarding Juno's positive femininity, it is demonstrated through characteristics such as loyalty, obedience, cheerfulness, understanding, soft-spookiness, sympathy, compassion, a desire to soothe hurt feelings, gentleness, emotional depth, warmth, femininity, and sensitivity to others' needs. Juno's negative femininity is displayed in characteristics such as innocence, shyness, childlike behavior, and gentleness.

Analysis of Masculinity and Femininity Values based on Semiotic Methods
The following is an analysis of the value of masculinity displayed in the film "Kucumbu Berlian Indahku". Third, possessing a strong personality is considered positively both traditionally and non-traditionally. This characteristic reflects Juno's self-identity, as evidenced by the names given to him by his parents. Names serve as symbols of hope and prayers from parents for their child's future, with the expectation that the child will embody the desired outcomes of those hopes and prayers. The following is a discussion of the value of femininity displayed in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku." In this study, the researcher found that traditionally, all feminine stereotypes shown in the film align with the general culture of femininity.
However, since the characters in this study are male, they are considered to have a negative value because they do not conform to their assigned gender. Ninth, shyness has negative values traditionally and non-traditionally. Shyness is characterized by feelings of nervousness, worry, and even awkwardness. In this film, it is depicted through covering the face, although a blushing smile is observed for some reason. Such reactions are considered excessive for men.
Tenth, wanting to soothe hurt feelings has negative values traditionally and positive values non-traditionally. Offering encouragement to someone who is sad is a way of wanting to alleviate their emotional pain. This attitude can make someone a good friend.
Eleventh, Softness, which traditionally has negative values but non-traditionally has positive values, is portrayed in this film through a child massaging and cleaning the feet of individuals who are considered as parents to him. This signifies the tenderness of heart and body, which is included in filial behavior towards parents.
Twelfth, Filled with emotions that traditionally hold negative values but nontraditionally hold positive values, a profound feeling is depicted when a child cries because his parents have left him forever. Mourning for the deceased is an act of mercy, and excessive lamentation is considered reproachable.
Thirteenth, Warmth, which traditionally carries negative values but nontraditionally holds positive values, is displayed through a friendly attitude when meeting new people. Initiating the conversation with a warm greeting helps create a warmer atmosphere and may even establish kinship ties.
Fourteenth, Femininity, which traditionally has negative values but nontraditionally holds positive values, is culturally depicted through men who dance and dress like women. The clothing worn includes garments that, when worn by women, are open, but when worn by men, they still cover the male genitalia.
Fifteenth, Childlike behavior, traditionally associated with negative values but also present non-traditionally, is exemplified by thumb sucking, a habit common among children. However, in this context, thumb sucking is not a habit but rather a response to prevent further bleeding caused by self-injury.
Sixteenth, Sensitivity to the needs of others, which traditionally holds negative values but non-traditionally holds positive values, is demonstrated when people in distress require assistance. Without being prompted, individuals show sensitivity by empathetically offering immediate help to those facing difficulties.
Seventeenth, Meekness, traditionally viewed with negative values but nontraditionally regarded positively, cultivates polite manners, abstains from using harsh words, and embodies humility. Both in speech and actions, meekness is a behavior that can also foster patience.

CONCLUSION
The analysis of the representations of masculinity and femininity in the film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku" revealed 15 signs of masculinity and 17 signs of femininity displayed by Juno, the main character. Traditionally, this classification led researchers to perceive Juno as a man with feminine traits, distant from traditional masculinity. However, from a non-traditional perspective, researchers found that Juno embodies both masculine and feminine characteristics.
According to the traditional model, the characterization of Juno's masculinity and femininity is negatively adjusted, as it portrays a man with low masculinity and high femininity. Conversely, the non-traditional model presents both positive and negative aspects, recognizing that every trait has its good and bad sides.